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| Monument Name |
Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences |
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| SMR Number |
140 |
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| Summary |
Motte and Bailey with town enclosure. |
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| Media |
Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle and Town Defences, Ongar, Epping Forest
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Chipping Ongar Castle, Ongar
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Chipping Ongar Castle, Ongar
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Chipping Ongar Castle, Ongar
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Chipping Ongar Castle, Ongar
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Chipping Ongar Castle, Ongar
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Chipping Ongar Castle, Ongar
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| Associated Media |
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| Description |
Motte and Bailey with town enclosure. Consists of a motte, c70m in diameter at the base. Surrounded by a wet ditch c12-15m wide and deep. Kidney-shaped, inner bailey to the west and second bailey to the east (see 4104). Town enclosure to the west of the castle. <1> The castle was mentioned in 1157 <2> in <1> According to the RCHM the castle is said to have been built by Richard de Lacy in the 12th century but the keep was pulled down in the 16th century and replaced by a brick building, itself destroyed in the 18th century. The motte and bailey are both moated. Entrance from the town enclosure is in the centre of the west side, through a gap in the rampart, on each side of which is a fragment of flint-rubble containing Roman bricks. The masonry does not appear to have extended along the rampart. <3> At the Conquest Chipping Ongar became the head of the Boulogne estates and was a deliberate plantation attached to the castle. There is no exact date for the establishment of either castle or town though the castle is assumed to be late 11th or early 12th century. <4> The castle and town defences were surveyed in 1981, including profiles of the defences, contours of the entrance and elevation of the south wall of the entrance. <6> <7> A number of APs in the SMR. <8>-<11> Also photograph of the area that was subject of an inquiry (the additional scheduled area), planning consent being refused. <12> <13> <14> Other refs: <15> <16> Large tree-covered motte surrounded by a wide, water-filled moat; bailey to the west intact. High bank runs from the north-west of the bailey around a car park to Ongar High Street; this is part of the town enclosure - the rest has been totally obliterated by the town of Ongar. <17> Photographed from the air on 6/4/94 by S Wallis (2 frames). Historic Town survey <18>
Area = 0.4
Site Management: The motte and west bailey are scheduled together with surviving earthworks of the town defences, which were to the west of the castle but were clearly part of the whole scheme. An additional area, on the line of the town defences to the south west of the castle, was scheduled in 1982. <5> The additional area was subject of an enquiry, consent was refused. <13> <14>
Site Assessment: In good condition in 1980. <1> A good example of a motte and bailey and town enclosure or `burgus'. <17> |
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| Monument Type(s) |
CASTLE (Dated 1066AD to 1539AD)
MOTTE AND BAILEY (Dated 1066AD to 1539AD)
TOWN DEFENCES (Dated 1066AD to 1539AD)
WALL (Dated 1066AD to 1539AD)
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| Monument Class(es) |
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
EARTHWORK
STRUCTURE
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Period
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1066AD to 1539AD Medieval
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| Status |
Not Known |
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| Administration Area |
ONGAR, EPPING FOREST, ESSEX |
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National Grid Reference
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Square: TL50SE
Ref: 554031 |
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| Finds |
None listed
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| Events |
PART SURVEY by Milton, BR, 1981
Field visit to 140 by Paterson, H, FMW on APR-1980
Field visit to 140 by Chant, K, FMW on JUL-1983
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Sources
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CORRESPONDENCE : TL50-001, Chipping Ongar Appeals 1979 and 1980 (unknown)
Desc Text : Battle Abbey Chronicle (Battle Abbey Chronicle)
Desc Text : TL50-001, Chipping Ongar Appeals 1979 and 1980 (unknown)
Desc Text : TL50SE02 (unknown)
Desc Text : An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Essex (RCHME) Vol 2, p53 Dated : 1921
Aerial Photo : HJ55, 56, 60 (unknown) Dated : 1952
Desc Text : SMR Form (unknown) Dated : 1960s to
Desc Text : Norman Castles in Britain 1968 (Renn, D) p270 Dated : 1968
Aerial Photo : HJ55 (unknown) Dated : 1980
Aerial Photo : TL50-002 (Eddy, MR) Dated : 1981
Desc Text : Chipping Ongar, 1981 (unknown) in negative file Dated : 1981
Mention : Chipping Ongar, 1981 (unknown) in negative file Dated : 1981
Aerial Photo : TL50-002 (unknown) Dated : 1982
CORRESPONDENCE : Monument:Ongar Castle, Ongar, Essex (County Monument 11) (Paul, SE) Dated : 1982
Photograph : TL50-002 (unknown) 2 frames Dated : 1982
Desc Text : Historic Towns in Essex: An Archaeological Survey (Eddy, MR with Petchey, MR) pp39-41 Dated : 1983
Scheduling record : DOE Scheduled Ancient Monuments (HBMC) Part 4 Dated : 1985
Aerial Photo : 19-16 (unknown) Dated : 1986
Aerial Photo : 374-7A (unknown) Dated : 1991
Aerial Photo : CP/97/24/11 (Tyler, Sue) Dated : 1997
Aerial Photo : CP/97/24/12 (Tyler, Sue) Dated : 1997
Aerial Photo : CP/97/24/13 (Tyler, Sue) Dated : 1997
Aerial Photo : CP/97/24/14 (Tyler, Sue) Dated : 1997
Aerial Photo : CP/97/24/15 (Tyler, Sue) Dated : 1997
Aerial Photo : CP/97/42/18 (Tyler, Sue) Dated : 1997
Aerial Photo : CP/97/43/19 to 24 (Tyler, Sue) Dated : 1997
Desc Text : Chipping Ongar Historic Towns Assessment Report (Medlycott, Maria) Dated : 1999
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